UNICEF  ·  Global Child Hazard Database

How many children face
climate hazards — and where?

GCHD is UNICEF's open database of children's exposure to climate, geophysical, and conflict hazards worldwide. Globally consistent. Spatially explicit. Built for action.

</>  View on GitHub
229
Countries & Territories
17
Hazard Layers
100m
Pixel Resolution
2025
Population Baseline

What hazards does GCHD cover?

Each hazard layer is sourced from a globally recognised dataset, processed to a standardised spatial resolution, and linked to children's population estimates to produce exposure counts at country and sub-national levels.

🌊
Climate

River Flood

JRC 100-year return period inundation extent

🌊
Climate

Coastal Flood

JRC 100-year return period coastal inundation

🌀
Climate

Tropical Storm

GIRI 100-year return period wind speed

🌾
Climate

Agricultural Drought

FAO ASIS return level — crop stress frequency

💧
Climate

Meteorological Drought

TerraClimate SPI-12 & SPEI-12 — water deficit

🌡️
Climate

Heatwave

ERA5 — frequency, duration & severity of heatwave events

🔥
Climate

Extreme Heat

ERA5 — cumulative degree-days above 35°C

🔥
Climate

Wildfire

NASA FIRMS — fire frequency & radiative power (90th pct)

🌫️
Climate

Air Pollution

Satellite PM2.5 — 90th percentile, 1998–2023

🏜️
Climate

Sand & Dust Storm

UNCCD — dust storm occurrence frequency

🦟
Climate

Malaria

MAP — Pf & Pv prevalence, 2013–2022 average

🏔️
Geophysical Q3 2026

Earthquake

GEM — probabilistic peak ground acceleration

🌋
Geophysical Q3 2026

Volcano

GVM / Smithsonian — volcanic hazard zones

⛰️
Geophysical Q3 2026

Landslide

NASA / UNDRR — landslide susceptibility

⚠️
Conflict Q3 2026

Armed Conflict

ACLED / UCDP — conflict event density

How is children's exposure calculated?

A four-stage pipeline transforms raw hazard datasets into globally comparable children's exposure estimates at country and sub-national levels.

Stage 0 — Hazard Preparation

Individual hazard datasets are downloaded from authoritative global sources and uploaded to cloud data storage (Azure and GEE) as standardised raster assets.

Stage 1 — Multi-Hazard Indicators

Two composite indicators are derived: the Multi-Hazard Count (MHC), which counts the number of distinct hazard categories a location is exposed to, and the Multi-Hazard Intensity (MHI), a continuous 0–10 score capturing combined hazard severity using a PCA-based synthetic approach.

Stage 2 — Exposure Computation

Hazard layers are overlaid with WorldPop gridded children's population (2025) then aggregated into various administrative regions including country (Admin 0), regional (Admin 1) and district (Admin 2).

Stage 3 — Output & Dissemination

Exposure results are formatted and served through the interactive GCHD dashboard, UNICEF Data Warehouse, and UNICEF's GeoSight platform.

MHC

Multi-Hazard Count

Counts the number of distinct hazard categories a location is exposed to (max 8). Identifies hotspots where children face simultaneous hazards.

MHI

Multi-Hazard Intensity

Continuous 0–10 composite score using a PCA-based synthetic approach across 13 hazard layers. Distinguishes frequent mild events from rare catastrophic events.

Explore the data

The GCHD dashboard lets you visualise hazard layers, query children's exposure by country or sub-national unit, and ask natural language questions via AI (under development).

Global Child Hazard Database
GCHD Dashboard